Introduction to ATN-400 Substation Automation System
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what is substation automation system
Substation Automation System is a comprehensive system that applies microprocessor, communication, and computer technologies to restructure and optimize the functions of secondary equipment. Utilizing a hierarchical distributed architecture, it achieves an integrated design of protection, measurement, control, and communication.
Substation Automation System features Remote Signaling (YX), Remote Metering (YC), Remote Control (YK), and Remote Regulation (YT) capabilities and strictly adheres to the IEC 61850 standard.
As a Substation Automation System (SAS), it integrates equipment monitoring, control, measurement and coordination functions to support unmanned operation. Adopting a three-layer architecture of Station Level, Bay Level and Process Level, the SAS is applicable to substations with voltage levels ranging from 10kV to 110kV.
substation automation system architecture
Substation Automation System Functions
As a vital component of the Dispatching Automation System, SAS extensively employs computer technology to monitor and control the power system, serving as a reliable means of achieving grid dispatch automation. The primary prerequisite for grid dispatch automation is the collection of real-time data to monitor and control the grid, which is fulfilled through the following four functions:
Remote Signaling (YX)
Remote signaling refers to the collection of status information, including relay protection operations, the status of circuit breakers and disconnector switches, and various alarm signals. To meet the requirements of grid safety, equipment stability, and production management, centralized control centers must grasp the operational status and incident reports of unmanned substations in real-time. This necessitates comprehensive and real-time monitoring of all station signals.
Remote Metering (YC)
Remote metering involves the collection of real-time operational parameters of the power system. This includes measurement data such as generator output, busbar voltage, power flow, active and reactive power loads, line current, and energy consumption (electric quantity).
Remote Control (YK)
Remote control refers to control commands issued from the centralized control center to execute operations such as the opening and closing of circuit breakers, disconnectors, and earthing switches, as well as signal resets and the enabling/disabling of specific functions.
Remote Regulation (YT)
Remote regulation refers to control commands issued from the centralized control center to adjust variables such as reactive power and voltage within the power system.
components of substation automation system
| No. | Category | Equipment Name | Main Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Relay Protection | Line Protection Relay | Line overcurrent, distance, fiber optic differential protection |
| 2 | Relay Protection | Transformer Protection Relay | Transformer differential, backup, and non-electrical protection |
| 3 | Relay Protection | Busbar Protection Relay | Busbar differential protection |
| 4 | Relay Protection | Motor Protection Relay | Motor overload, short circuit, and differential protection |
| 5 | Relay Protection | Capacitor Protection Relay | Capacitor bank protection |
| 6 | Relay Protection | Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) | Automatic backup power switching |
| 7 | Relay Protection | Fault Recorder | Fault waveform recording and analysis |
| 8 | Monitoring System | SCADA Host / Monitoring Host | Station-wide data acquisition and monitoring |
| 9 | Monitoring System | Measurement & Control Unit | Four telemetry functions (telemetry, telesignal, telecontrol, teleadjustment) |
| 10 | Monitoring System | Data Communication Gateway | Dispatch data exchange and telecommunication |
| 11 | Monitoring System | Industrial Ethernet Switch | Station-level network communication |
| 12 | Monitoring System | Microcomputer Five-prevention System | Anti-misoperation interlocking |
| 13 | Metering & Measurement | Electricity Meter | Energy metering |
| 14 | Metering & Measurement | Power Quality Monitor | Harmonic and voltage fluctuation monitoring |
| 15 | DC Power Supply | DC Charging Panel | Provides DC power for protection relays |
| 16 | DC Power Supply | Battery Bank | Emergency backup DC power |
| 17 | DC Power Supply | Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) | Provides uninterrupted AC power for monitoring system |
| 18 | Communication & Time Sync | Optical Terminal Unit | Fiber optic communication transmission |
| 19 | Communication & Time Sync | Protocol Converter | Communication protocol conversion |
| 20 | Communication & Time Sync | GPS/BeiDou Time Synchronization Device | Station-wide equipment time synchronization |
| 21 | Auxiliary System | Video Surveillance System | Station video monitoring |
| 22 | Auxiliary System | Fire Alarm System | Fire detection and alarm |
cyber-security in substation automation systems
Substation cybersecurity adopts measures including firewalls, end-to-end encryption and intrusion detection to safeguard substation automation systems and power monitoring systems against cyberattacks, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Introduction to SCADA Systems
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), as a SCADA system for distribution and substation automation, is applied to the remote monitoring and control of distributed industrial equipment. It realizes data acquisition, equipment control, measurement, regulation and alarm management, and further achieves substation automation.
Contact our protection relay engineering team for single‑line diagram templates, bay configuration files, or a firm price for your next 110kV or 35kV substation project.