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Reverse Power Protection Relay
ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay
ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay
  1. Reverse Power Protection Relay
  2. ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay
  3. ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay

ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay

Overview of Reverse Power Protection Relay

For photovoltaic power plants adopting a non-reversible grid connection design, a Reverse Power Protection Relay shall be installed at the grid connection point.

ANSI:

27,32,50,51,60,67

Communication Mode:Optional: RS-485, CAN bus, Ethernet, IEC-103，IEC-61850

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Description

Overview of Reverse Power Protection Relay

The ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay is a digital protection device designed to detect abnormal reverse active power flow and initiate alarm or trip actions. It is commonly applied to synchronous generators, diesel and gas generator sets, grid-connected renewable energy systems, microgrids and zero-export applications.

Key Applications

  • Generator reverse power protection
  • Parallel generator protection
  • Solar PV zero-export protection
  • Grid-connected DER protection
  • Microgrid protection
  • Industrial power systems

What Is an ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay?

An ANSI 32 reverse power protection relay detects and trips on reverse power flow in generators. When a generator loses its prime mover, it draws power from the grid instead of supplying it – a condition called “motoring” – which can damage the turbine and affect grid stability.

The relay measures voltage and current, calculates real power, and trips when reverse power exceeds the set threshold for a defined time delay.

Beyond generators, ANSI 32 is also used for intertie protection, cogeneration plants, and pumped storage applications.

Modern digital relays offer adjustable settings, time delays, and SCADA communication – making them an essential component for reliable generator protection.

Reverse Power Protection Applications

Generator Reverse Power Protection

Used to protect generators from the motoring condition that occurs when the prime mover fails – causing the generator to draw power from the grid. Common across diesel gensets, steam turbines, and gas turbines in power plants, industrial facilities, and marine applications.

Solar PV Zero-Export Protection

Prevents solar PV systems from exporting excess power back to the utility grid. The reverse power relay monitors the point of common coupling and trips or curtails generation when reverse power flow is detected – ensuring compliance with local grid codes.

Grid-Connected Distributed Energy Resources

Protects against unintended reverse power flow from DERs such as wind turbines, CHP units, and battery storage systems. Prevents grid overvoltage, incorrect metering, and equipment stress while maintaining stability at the distribution network level.

Microgrid and Hybrid Power Systems

Manages bi-directional power flows in isolated or grid-connected microgrids – including hybrid PV-diesel-battery configurations. Provides reliable reverse power detection for islanding protection, load-shed coordination, and seamless transition between operational modes.

ANSI 32 Reverse Power Relay Protection Functions

  • Reverse power protection
  • Overcurrent 50/51
  • Undervoltage 27
  • Directional protection 67
  • PT fuse failure
  • Alarm
  • Trip
  • Power recovery

Technical Specifications

Item Specification
Power Supply AC 220 V or AC 110 V (specify when ordering)
AC Voltage Phase voltage 220 V, line voltage 380 V
AC Current 5 A or 1 A (specify when ordering)
Frequency 50 Hz
Power Consumption • DC circuit: ≤ 15 W
• AC voltage circuit: < 0.5 VA per phase
• AC current circuit: < 1 VA per phase (IN = 5 A) or < 0.5 VA per phase (IN = 1 A)
Operating Conditions Temperature: –20°C to +70°C; Relative humidity: 5% to 95% (no condensation or freezing inside the unit)
Storage Conditions Temperature: –30°C to +80°C. At extreme temperature limits without excitation, the device shall not undergo irreversible changes, and shall function normally upon return to normal temperature. Packaged devices shall be stored at atmospheric pressure 80–110 kPa (equivalent to altitude ≤ 2 km) and relative humidity ≤ 85%.
Transportation Conditions Temperature: –25°C to +70°C; Relative humidity: ≤ 85%
Environmental Requirements The air around the equipment must not contain any acidic, alkaline, corrosive, or explosive substances.

Reverse Power Flow Protection Relay Setting Sheet

No. Parameter Description Setting Range Upload/Download Conversion Factor
0 Control Word 0 0000～FFFF —
1 Control Word 1 0000～FFFF —
2 Control Word 2 0000～FFFF —
3 1st Stage Reverse Power Protection Delay 0.1–999.9 s ×100
4 2nd Stage Reverse Power Protection Delay 0.1–999.9 s ×100
5 3rd Stage Reverse Power Protection Delay 0.1–999.9 s ×100
6 4th Stage Reverse Power Protection Delay 0.1–999.9 s ×100
7 1st Circuit Power Recovery Closing Delay 1.0–999.9 s ×100
8 2nd Circuit Power Recovery Closing Delay 1.0–999.9 s ×100
9 3rd Circuit Power Recovery Closing Delay 1.0–999.9 s ×100
10 4th Circuit Power Recovery Closing Delay 1.0–999.9 s ×100
11 Overload Delay 0.1–120.00 s ×100
12 Under Voltage Delay 0.1–120.00 s ×100
13 Over Voltage Delay 0.1–120.00 s ×100
25 Reverse Power Protection Setting Value — ×100
26 1st Circuit Power Recovery Closing Setting 2–2000 W ×100
27 2nd Circuit Power Recovery Closing Setting 2–2000 W ×100
28 3rd Circuit Power Recovery Closing Setting 2–2000 W ×100
29 4th Circuit Power Recovery Closing Setting 2–2000 W ×100
30 Overload Setting Value 0.40~99.99 A ×100
31 Current Pick-up Setting 0.40~99.99 A ×100
41 Under Voltage Threshold 20.00~120.00 V —
42 Over Voltage Threshold 20.00~120.00 V —
47 Voltage Transformer Ratio — —
48 Current Transformer Ratio — —
49 Setting Check Code — —

ANSI 32 Reverse Power Relay Wiring

ANSI 32 Reverse Power Relay Wiring

Communication and Integration

Supports RS-485, Modbus, Ethernet, IEC 60870-5-103, and IEC 61850 (model-dependent) – enabling seamless integration with SCADA, DCS, and PLC systems for remote monitoring and control.

Reverse Power Relay Installation and Commissioning

Key commissioning checks:

  • CT Polarity – Reversed polarity causes incorrect power direction measurement.

  • Phase Sequence – Wrong sequence leads to false power calculations.

  • CT/PT Ratio – Must match relay settings for accurate readings.

  • Trip Circuit – Verify continuity and correct wiring to breaker trip coil.

  • Secondary Injection – Test measurement accuracy, trip timing, and communication before energizing.

Why Choose This ANSI 32 Reverse Power Relay?

  • Multiple functions – Reverse power plus overcurrent, undervoltage, and frequency protection in one device.

  • Flexible communication – Modbus, RS-485, and optional IEC 61850 – no extra converters needed.

  • Adjustable settings – Fully tunable threshold and time delay for different generator types and applications.

  • Versatile applications – Proven in diesel gensets, gas turbines, solar PV, wind, and microgrids.

  • OEM/ODM ready – Custom labeling, packaging, and firmware available.

  • Technical support – Engineering assistance from setting calculation to commissioning guidance.

  • Project-based configuration – Pre-configured to your specs before shipment – saves on-site time.

Outline and Installation Dimensions

   

FAQ

Q1. What is ANSI 32 reverse power protection?

ANSI 32 is the device number for reverse power protection. It detects when power flows in the reverse direction – typically when a generator draws power from the grid instead of supplying it – and trips to prevent motoring damage.

Q2. What is a reverse power protection relay?

A reverse power protection relay is a digital device that monitors voltage and current at the generator terminals, calculates real power, and trips when reverse power exceeds a set threshold for a defined time delay.

Q3. What is the ANSI code for reverse power protection?

ANSI 32.

Q4. What causes reverse power in a generator?

Reverse power occurs when the prime mover fails (loss of steam, fuel, or mechanical power) – causing the generator to act as a motor and draw active power from the grid to maintain synchronous speed.

Q5. How is reverse power relay setting calculated?

The setting is typically calculated as a percentage of the generator rated power (e.g., 1–5%). The formula is: Reverse power setting = (Generator rated power × Percentage) / CT ratio × PT ratio. Exact values depend on generator type – steam turbines generally require lower settings than diesel gensets.

Q6. Where is a reverse power relay installed?

Installed in the generator protection panel, typically at the generator output circuit breaker or point of common coupling – monitoring the voltage and current at the generator terminals.

Q7. Can ANSI 32 be used for solar zero-export protection?

Yes. The relay monitors the point of common coupling and trips or curtails PV generation when reverse power flow to the grid is detected – ensuring compliance with zero-export grid codes.

Q8. What is the difference between reverse power protection and directional overcurrent protection?

Reverse power protection (ANSI 32) responds to active power direction – tripping on reverse real power flow. Directional overcurrent protection (ANSI 67) responds to fault current direction – tripping on overcurrents flowing in a specific direction. They address different issues: power reversal vs. fault current direction.

2 reviews for ANSI 32 Reverse Power Protection Relay

  1. xiao zhang –

    Reliable reverse power protection relay (ANSI 32), sensitive reverse power detection, widely used for generator anti-islanding protection, fit global power station projects.

  2. Jack –

    No nuisance tripping during motor starting or transformer inrush.

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